{"id":651173,"date":"2018-12-02T07:00:35","date_gmt":"2018-12-02T14:00:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/?p=651173"},"modified":"2018-12-03T07:34:27","modified_gmt":"2018-12-03T14:34:27","slug":"surge-of-oil-and-gas-flowing-to-texas-coastline-triggers-building-boom-tensions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/2018\/12\/surge-of-oil-and-gas-flowing-to-texas-coastline-triggers-building-boom-tensions\/","title":{"rendered":"Surge of oil and gas flowing to Texas coastline triggers building boom, tensions"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_651212\"  class=\"wp-caption module image alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 771px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-651212\" src=\"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Pelican_FULL_TT-771x517.jpg\" alt=\"Pelican\" width=\"771\" height=\"517\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Pelican_FULL_TT-771x517.jpg 771w, https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Pelican_FULL_TT-336x225.jpg 336w, https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Pelican_FULL_TT-768x515.jpg 768w, https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Pelican_FULL_TT.jpg 850w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px\" \/><p class=\"wp-media-credit\">Kevin Clancy \/ Newsy<\/p><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">A brown pelican perches on a fishing pier, damaged by Hurricane Harvey in 2017, in Port Aransas, Texas, on June 6, 2018. In the background stand three offshore oil rigs.<\/p><\/div>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">PORT ARANSAS, Texas \u2014 To the east, the Gulf of Mexico stretches out, blue-green and sparkling. To the west and north, flounder and trout meander in a chain of bays. People flock here to fish. Others come to this beach town near Corpus Christi to kayak, parasail or admire the hundreds of bird species on the barrier island, which is deep into rebuilding efforts after Hurricane Harvey damaged or destroyed 85 percent of the buildings here last year.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A perfect location, from a certain point of view, to put not one but two crude-oil export terminals for ships so big they\u2019re called supertankers.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Those proposals are part of a historic buildout of oil and gas infrastructure in the United States as it becomes a <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.publicintegrity.org\/blowout\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">top exporter<\/a> of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2018\/06\/27\/us-oil-exports-boom-to-record-level-surpassing-most-opec-nations.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">both<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2017\/07\/13\/us-become-worlds-largest-natural-gas-exporter.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fuels<\/a>. Texas, home to the most prolific oilfield in the country, is at the epicenter of the frenzy. More than 80 plants, terminals and other projects are in the works or planned up and down the state\u2019s Gulf Coast, from Port Arthur to Brownsville, according to a Center for Public Integrity and Texas Tribune review of corporate plans. Companies have been laying enough pipeline in Texas in the last several years to stretch from the Atlantic to the Pacific three times over, more than 8,000 miles in all.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/apps.publicintegrity.org\/blowout\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oil and gas<\/a> production in the U.S. has skyrocketed, particularly in the Permian Basin, most of which underlies West Texas. Producers there are employing new drilling technologies to meet \u2014 some would say prolong \u2014 the global demand for fossil fuels. When Congress lifted decades-old federal restrictions on crude exports at the end of 2015, a move that came on the heels of rule changes throwing open the doors for <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.publicintegrity.org\/blowout\/us-energy-dominance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">exports of natural gas<\/a>, it set off a mad dash. Companies want to get oil and gas from West Texas to the Gulf Coast and, from there, abroad.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Much of the infrastructure is headed for just two regions: Houston \u2014 America\u2019s oil capital \u2014 and Corpus Christi, where a port previously focused on oil imports is battling it out with Houston to be the country\u2019s No. 1 location for moving crude to other nations. Each shipped out more than $7 billion in crude during the first nine months of the year, up from less than $1 billion two years earlier, according to U.S. Census Bureau figures. Terminals once used to bring oil in are pushing it the other direction.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"module align-left half type-aside\">\n<h3>About this article<\/h3>\n<p>This article originally appeared in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.texastribune.org\/2018\/11\/29\/oil-and-gas-surge-texas-coastline-triggers-building-boom-tensions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Texas Tribune<\/a>,\u00a0a nonpartisan, nonprofit media organization that informs Texans and engages with them about public policy, politics, government and statewide issues. It\u2019s\u00a0part of a collaboration between the\u00a0Center for Public Integrity, The Texas Tribune, The Associated Press and Newsy.<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u201cAt the end of 2015 &#8230; we had the first shipment of crude that was exported,\u201d said John LaRue, executive director of the Port of Corpus Christi. \u201cAnd now, as I\u2019m sure you know, it\u2019s a constant surge.\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Oil and gas export growth means jobs paying good wages. In Corpus Christi, it\u2019s responsible for roughly 800 new positions so far with another 1,600 expected in the next four years, plus several thousand temporary jobs constructing all those facilities, according to an analysis by Texas A&amp;M University-Corpus Christi\u2019s Jim Lee.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">But it also intensifies a tragic quandary bedeviling the Gulf. Heavy industry there pumps out greenhouse gases warming the climate, upping the risks of powerful storms that, in turn, endanger those same facilities and everything around them. Harvey, which dumped <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhc.noaa.gov\/data\/tcr\/AL092017_Harvey.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more rain<\/a> than any other U.S. storm on record, damaged <a href=\"https:\/\/www.texastribune.org\/2018\/08\/23\/fema-and-texas-dont-know-how-many-people-hurricane-harvey-displaced\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hundreds of thousands of homes<\/a> in Texas last year, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhc.noaa.gov\/data\/tcr\/AL092017_Harvey.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">killed<\/a> at least 68 people and, particularly around Houston, sparked <a href=\"https:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2018-03-hurricane-harvey-toxic-impact-deeper.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">industrial spills<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dallasnews.com\/news\/harvey\/2018\/08\/16\/texas-petrochemical-plants-spewed-8-million-pounds-air-pollutants-hurricane-harvey-hit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">air pollution<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.texastribune.org\/2018\/08\/03\/arkema-indictment-chemical-fire-hurricane-harvey\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">explosions<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Many of the proposed, under-construction or recently built facilities along the Texas Gulf are in areas that felt Harvey\u2019s bite. Just in the Corpus Christi region, those projects include about nine new or expanding crude oil terminals, a liquefied natural gas terminal, two refined petroleum products terminals and several plants for processing a component of natural gas into a building block of plastic products. Two of those plants, each approved for tens of millions of dollars in tax breaks, are expected to be among the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.caller.com\/story\/money\/business\/local\/2017\/04\/19\/exxon-mobil-corp-worlds-largest-ethylene-cracker-plant-south-texas\/98820232\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">largest<\/a> of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.caller.com\/story\/news\/local\/2018\/09\/25\/m-gs-unfinished-corpus-christi-plant-wont-begin-production-until-2020\/1415156002\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">their kind<\/a> in the world. And roughly seven pipelines are planned or under way to move more oil and gas here from western and southern Texas.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The Corpus Christi liquefied natural gas terminal \u2014 which just <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/lng-cheniere-corpuschristi\/cheniere-to-commission-1st-corpus-christi-lng-cargo-on-nov-15-port-idUSL2N1XA0QU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">began operations<\/a> and already has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-cheniere-energy-lng\/cheniere-moves-ahead-with-corpus-christi-lng-expansion-idUSKCN1IN33Z\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">expansions<\/a> planned \u2014 received permits to release up to 5.8 million tons of greenhouse gases each year, according to an <a href=\"http:\/\/www.environmentalintegrity.org\/news\/31-new-or-expanded-petrochemical-plants\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">analysis<\/a> by the Environmental Integrity Project, a research and advocacy group. That\u2019s the equivalent of nearly 1.5 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/energy\/greenhouse-gas-equivalencies-calculator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">coal-fired power plants<\/a>. Other parts of this new supply chain, which extends into the Louisiana side of the Gulf, will facilitate greenhouse gases pumped out in Asia, Europe and beyond.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u201cThere is some irony or poetic justice, depending on your point of view, in having all these greenhouse-gas emitters being the most vulnerable to climate change, but there are a lot of people living around them, and it\u2019s not such a good deal for them,\u201d said Eric Schaeffer, executive director of the Environmental Integrity Project and a former head of civil enforcement at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The development boom also sets up a clash over the future of the mid-Gulf, a less industrial and more tourism-focused part of the Texas coast than Houston.<cite><\/cite><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">From the Port of Corpus Christi\u2019s perspective, the new export business is a huge plus. \u201cYou\u2019re going to see more development, more industry, more jobs,\u201d said Eddie Martinez, the port\u2019s business development representative, as he cruised in a boat along the ship channel in June, passing oil tankers and new projects.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">But as the growth spills beyond the port\u2019s industrial spine, it\u2019s upending some communities.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The idea of building crude-oil terminals in Port Aransas to serve ships extending the length of four football fields \u2014 requiring a much deeper ship channel in that area \u2014 has residents and business owners there up in arms.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u201cEveryone I speak to says they\u2019re against this,\u201d said Neesy Tompkins, who moved to town in 1978 after falling in love with its natural beauty.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u201cWhat they\u2019re proposing is an environmental disaster,\u201d said John Donovan, who lives part-time in town and helped form a new group, the Port Aransas Conservancy, that is pressing back on the oil-terminal proposals.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">This type of development boom on the coast isn\u2019t unprecedented, but it hasn\u2019t happened for decades, said Michael Webber, acting director of the Energy Institute at the University of Texas at Austin. World War II kicked off a building spree that extended into the 1950s, he said. This time around, soaring production is the trigger. In the Permian Basin, companies are extracting double the amount of crude oil and natural gas they did four years ago.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u201cWe\u2019re seeing massive buildout,\u201d Webber said. \u201cExport infrastructure, chemical infrastructure, you name it.\u201d<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_651214\"  class=\"wp-caption module image alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 771px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-651214\" src=\"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Ship_channel_CROP_TT-771x517.jpg\" alt=\"A vessel from Hong Kong in the Corpus Christi ship channel on June 6, 2018.\" width=\"771\" height=\"517\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Ship_channel_CROP_TT-771x517.jpg 771w, https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Ship_channel_CROP_TT-336x225.jpg 336w, https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Ship_channel_CROP_TT-768x515.jpg 768w, https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Ship_channel_CROP_TT-1170x784.jpg 1170w, https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Ship_channel_CROP_TT.jpg 1250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px\" \/><p class=\"wp-media-credit\">Kevin Clancy \/ Newsy<\/p><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">A vessel from Hong Kong in the Corpus Christi ship channel on June 6, 2018.<\/p><\/div>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">The town that fish built<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Port Aransas, a city of about 4,000 full-time residents, runs on tourism. Fishing is a big part of that \u2014 it&#8217;s no accident the community spent a little over a decade around the turn of the last century <a href=\"https:\/\/tshaonline.org\/handbook\/online\/articles\/hjp11\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">named for a fish<\/a>, the enormous <a href=\"http:\/\/myfwc.com\/research\/saltwater\/tarpon\/information\/facts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tarpon<\/a>. This is a place that calls itself the fishing capital of Texas, a spot where <a href=\"https:\/\/www.caller.com\/story\/opinion\/2018\/05\/14\/when-fdr-fished-tarpon-off-port-aransas\/603854002\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">President Franklin D. Roosevelt<\/a> once came to try his luck. There\u2019s a tournament for anglers nearly every weekend in the summer. Faced with hurricane-wrecked government facilities from the police station to the library, the city council decided to fix the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.portasouthjetty.com\/articles\/city-eyes-bonds-to-replace-docks\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">marina<\/a> first \u2014 to get boaters and their dollars back to town.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u201cThat\u2019s the lifeblood of Port Aransas,\u201d said Councilwoman Joan Holt. \u201cNext to the beach, but the beach was in perfect shape.\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">More than a century ago the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dredged a deepwater port at <a href=\"https:\/\/tshaonline.org\/handbook\/online\/articles\/rrh02\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harbor Island<\/a>, partly within city limits. The Humble Oil and Refining Co. built an oil terminal there. But shippers preferred the Corpus Christi port, opened in 1926. These days, big ships pass through the waters alongside Port Aransas to get to Corpus Christi, farther inland. Offshore oil rigs are stored on Harbor Island, but the terminal and its leaking oil tanks are long gone.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">For years, though, officials with the Port of Corpus Christi \u2014 now the owner of a substantial piece of <a href=\"http:\/\/portofcc.com\/capabilities\/real-estate\/harbor-island\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harbor Island<\/a> \u2014 have seen development potential there.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">They\u2019ve filed for a permit to build a desalination plant on the island to ensure their burgeoning clientele has enough water amid droughts that climate change is poised to worsen. This is also where they want to put a <a href=\"http:\/\/portofcc.com\/port-of-corpus-christi-and-the-carlyle-group-agree-to-develop-major-crude-oil-export-terminal-on-harbor-island\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">crude oil export terminal<\/a> with at least two loading docks. In October they said The Carlyle Group, a private-equity firm, plans to develop the project and have it running by late 2020. Three days later, the infrastructure firm Magellan Midstream Partners said it is considering building another <a href=\"https:\/\/www.magellanlp.com\/magellannews.aspx?id=E286E303-751F-427D-AA9D-2795665C1EE3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">supertanker crude-oil terminal<\/a> on the island.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Port officials were setting themselves up for a war, and they knew it. In the early 1970s, residents here fought off a similar proposal by the port authority \u2014 a terminal for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.portasouthjetty.com\/articles\/city-council-to-discuss-future-of-harbor-island\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">oil imports<\/a> in that case. In 2014, the city <a href=\"https:\/\/www.portasouthjetty.com\/articles\/two-down-one-to-go\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rezoned<\/a> the land to prevent refineries and comparable development after the port tried to strike a deal with a company that wanted to build a complex of oil and gas processing plants.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">This time, though, port officials may have the upper hand. Across from Harbor Island is the city\u2019s marina \u2014 that key part of the local economy \u2014 and the port owns that property as well. The lease was set to expire in March. Shortly before <a href=\"https:\/\/www.caller.com\/story\/news\/2018\/04\/13\/port-corpus-christi-has-big-plans-harbor-island-port-aransas\/512495002\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announcing<\/a> plans for the oil terminal, port officials negotiated a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/5021558-2018-Marina-Lease-Agreement.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new contract<\/a> for the marina that includes language ensuring the lease \u201cwill immediately terminate\u201d if the city again moves to make the zoning more restrictive, according to documents released to the Center for Public Integrity and The Texas Tribune under a public-information request.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Dan Pecore, who manages a maritime museum and wooden boatbuilding complex in Port Aransas, calls that \u201cextortion.\u201d Pecore, a founding member of the Port Aransas Conservancy, is upset at the port for inserting the language and the city for agreeing to it. He thinks the timing is unfair to residents still trying to put their lives back together post-Harvey. After the hurricane tore the roof off his home, he had to live 30 miles away until July, when he could finally find another place to rent in town.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The port declined to comment on the marina contract. In a written statement, it said, \u201cWe are firmly committed to BOTH our economic development mandate, and our environmental stewardship mandate.\u201d When it announced its <a href=\"http:\/\/portofcc.com\/port-of-corpus-christi-and-the-carlyle-group-agree-to-develop-major-crude-oil-export-terminal-on-harbor-island\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">partnership<\/a> with Carlyle in October, the port said, \u201cThe result could produce up to a $50 billion annual reduction to the national trade deficit. Importantly, the City of Corpus Christi would benefit from the thousands of direct and indirect jobs as well as billions in incremental economic activity.\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The port already has the go-ahead to deepen its <a href=\"http:\/\/portofcc.com\/press-release-port-of-corpus-christi-and-u-s-army-corps-of-engineers-sign-project-partnership-agreement-for-deepening-widening-of-the-corpus-christi-ship-channel\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ship channel<\/a> from 47 to 54 feet. Now, for the Harbor Island project, it\u2019s considering depths of at least <a href=\"http:\/\/portofcc.com\/port-of-corpus-christi-and-the-carlyle-group-agree-to-develop-major-crude-oil-export-terminal-on-harbor-island\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">75 feet<\/a> in that area. Among dredged U.S. channels, only the Port of Long Beach in California would top that, according to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and it requires dredging infrequently because it is naturally deep.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">This is the part of the Harbor Island project that most worries Holt, a fish biologist who became a councilwoman after retiring from the University of Texas at Austin\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/utmsi.utexas.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marine Science Institute<\/a> in Port Aransas. The local catch is plentiful because the larval fish spawned offshore get swept into seagrasses in the shallow water alongside the city, where they\u2019re protected from predators. With a much deeper channel, it seems to her, comes a risk they could get stuck there and die.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Channel deepening can cause more seawater to end up in bays, which can harm the plants and animals there, said Stefan Talke, an associate professor of civil and environmental engineering at Portland State University in Oregon. And in some port communities, deeper channels have amplified tides and worsened storm surge, increasing the flooding from hurricanes. He recommends careful study.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u201cIf we\u2019re going to make decisions, like invest all this money to deepen, we should have a clear-eyed view of what the trade-offs are,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The Port of Corpus Christi, in its written statement, said it is \u201cpartnering with multiple academic and research institutions to ensure the highest levels of science are applied at every step of the process.\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">As the port defends its project, it\u2019s aggressively opposing a competing development plan \u2014 an oil export facility proposed by the logistics firm Trafigura about 15 miles offshore, south of Corpus Christi. Port officials claim that project, not their own, could be the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.caller.com\/story\/opinion\/2018\/09\/26\/trafiguras-proposed-offshore-oil-port-mired-risk\/1432961002\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental disaster<\/a>. For the port, the offshore plan poses a different sort of threat: It could mean millions of dollars in lost revenue as supertankers forgo the ship channel, said Sandy Fielden, director of oil and products research for <a href=\"http:\/\/research-reports.morningstarcommodity.com\/reportpdf\/corpus-christi-objects-to-trafigura-offshore-terminal-FINAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Morningstar<\/a>, an investment research firm. Port officials argued that Trafigura\u2019s federal permit application was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.regulations.gov\/document?D=MARAD-2018-0114-0014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">incomplete<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/legistarweb-production.s3.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/attachment\/pdf\/240434\/2018_HillCo_Govt_Affairs_Commission_Memo.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hired a lobbying firm<\/a> as part of their push to get state leaders to block construction.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">It\u2019s an unusual move, Fielden said. It shows, in the rush to grab a share of the export bounty, just how pitched the competition is. Trafigura, whose project is one of four that companies are considering constructing off the coast of Texas, said in a statement that such offshore ports are operated safely around the world and its project would \u201ccomplement, not replace, exports from other facilities.\u201d Members of the fledgling Port Aransas Conservancy, for their part, think handling crude offshore would be the less-risky option.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">In June, when the plan for Harbor Island was still one crude-oil terminal rather than two, Tammy and James King went out in their fishing boat on a beautiful morning. The Kings, who live part time in Port Aransas, tooled past other boats, a parasailer, brown pelicans in search of a meal and the Lydia Ann Lighthouse, a local landmark overlooking marshland and tiny lakes where kayakers roam.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The Kings paused where three channels meet: the Lydia Ann, where baby fish hide in seagrasses; the Aransas, which leads to two bays with water sometimes called as clear as gin, full of trout, redfish and other marine life; and the Corpus Christi ship channel. Twenty miles to the north is the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fws.gov\/refuge\/aransas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Aransas National Wildlife Refuge<\/a>, where whooping cranes were brought back from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fws.gov\/refuge\/Aransas\/wildlife\/whooping_cranes.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">brink of extinction<\/a> \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fws.gov\/uploadedFiles\/WHCR%20Update%20Winter%202017-2018(1).pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">about 500<\/a> were there last winter, compared with just 15 in 1941 \u2014 and where scientists and visitors see hundreds of other species, from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fws.gov\/uploadedFiles\/species-Birds_2010.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reddish egret<\/a> to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fws.gov\/uploadedFiles\/species-AmphReptiles_2008.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spotted chorus frog<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The Kings, who work in real estate, aren\u2019t against growth or oil and gas. They get income from royalties on production, including in West Texas, where they live when they\u2019re not in town. But they don\u2019t understand the zeal to develop Port Aransas.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u201cThere\u2019s a great port in Corpus Christi with all the industrial infrastructure,\u201d James King said over the thrum of his engine. \u201cWhy build industrial infrastructure here?\u201d<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\">Expanding ports, shrinking neighborhoods<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The Port of Beaumont didn\u2019t export a drop of crude oil in 2015. This year through September, the Texas seaport near the Louisiana state line moved out nearly $6 billion worth \u2014 almost three times the amount it shipped during the same months last year, according to U.S. Census Bureau data.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">All but one of the top 10 ports for crude shipped abroad are on the Gulf Coast, most in Texas. Beaumont is behind only Corpus Christi and Houston as they vie for first place. Related exports are also rising, from refined oil to propane and other liquids that come with natural gas production. And around the Port of Brownsville alone, companies have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.themonitor.com\/news\/business\/article_8f7893a2-a03c-11e8-bbb9-5fd4ad0b384f.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposed<\/a> a trio of terminals to export liquefied natural gas, known as LNG.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Parts of the new export supply chain, particularly the LNG terminals, are getting big tax breaks to locate along the coast. The LNG facility under construction in Freeport, about 70 miles south of Houston, will avoid more than half a billion dollars in taxes over the 10-year lifespan of its agreements with three school districts, according to the Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts. That\u2019s a more than 75-percent break.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Dale Craymer, president of the Texas Taxpayers and Research Association, whose membership includes companies receiving such breaks, said the state must compete for export facilities with its Gulf Coast neighbor. Louisiana has a lower property tax rate and offers an automatic, 10-year break on property taxes.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">But in Dick Lavine\u2019s view, schools are giving up much-needed revenue from projects that \u201cvery likely would have located there without an incentive.\u201d Lavine, a senior fiscal analyst for the left-leaning Center for Public Policy Priorities, an Austin-based think tank, said the obvious place to put an oil or gas export facility is on the coast of the state at the heart of the U.S. drilling boom. Companies planning to build two of the LNG terminals in Brownsville did not pick new sites when they were <a href=\"https:\/\/www.texasobserver.org\/point-isabel-isd-rio-grande-lng-tax-break\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">turned down for tax breaks<\/a> by a school district, a sign that at least some deal-sweeteners aren\u2019t necessary.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Storm protections, meanwhile, won\u2019t be coming nearly as quickly as the new infrastructure.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Extensive storm modeling by top Texas scientists has shown that if a <a href=\"https:\/\/houston.texastribune.org\/hell-and-high-water\/?_ga=2.14073584.651654810.1541593396-38366457.1541593395\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hurricane hit<\/a> near the southern end of Galveston Island outside Houston \u2014 something that almost happened in 2008 \u2014 storm surge would pour into the Port of Houston, dislodging thousands of storage tanks full of crude oil and hazardous chemicals.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">In October, a decade after Hurricane Ike prompted calls to safeguard the Texas coast, the state and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers finally recommended a plan: building an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.texastribune.org\/2018\/10\/26\/army-corps-texas-officials-propose-hurricane-protection-plan-houston\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">earthen levee<\/a> down the two barrier islands that sit between the Houston area and the Gulf, with a gate to shut ahead of a storm.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_651215\"  class=\"wp-caption module image alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 771px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-651215\" src=\"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Fishing_pier_TT-771x517.jpg\" alt=\"Fishing pier\" width=\"771\" height=\"517\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Fishing_pier_TT-771x517.jpg 771w, https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Fishing_pier_TT-336x225.jpg 336w, https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Fishing_pier_TT-768x515.jpg 768w, https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Fishing_pier_TT-1170x784.jpg 1170w, https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Fishing_pier_TT.jpg 1250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px\" \/><p class=\"wp-media-credit\">Kevin Clancy \/ Newsy<\/p><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">The sun sets on a fishing pier, damaged by Hurricane Harvey in 2017, in Port Aransas, Texas, on June 6, 2018. Three offshore oil rigs stand at attention in the distance.<\/p><\/div>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">That \u201ccoastal spine\u201d would shield the fourth-largest city and biggest refining and petrochemical complex in the nation. Dozens of refineries and chemical plants line the 52-mile Houston Ship Channel. Tens of billions of dollars in new natural gas processing and chemical facilities are in the works there.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">But the protection Texas is contemplating, including dunes and beach restoration on parts of the industrializing lower coast, is years away. A final recommendation isn\u2019t expected until 2021, and then it begins the potentially long process of winning state and congressional approval to pay the expected $23 billion to $31 billion cost of the project. (The estimated expense of Hurricane Harvey damage: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.texastribune.org\/2018\/01\/08\/hurricane-harvey-was-years-costliest-us-disaster-125-billion-damages\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$125 billion<\/a>.)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">In July, the Trump administration announced the state would receive nearly $4 billion toward the construction of new coastal levees north of Port Arthur and to shore up existing coastal levees in that city and Freeport \u2014 projects that were already in the queue for federal funding. But that\u2019s only 65 percent of that project\u2019s cost. The state of Texas will have to put up the rest, and that is not a done deal.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Steve Everley, spokesman for Texans for Natural Gas, an industry-funded advocacy group, isn\u2019t worried about the industrial buildup coming in advance of storm protections. The oil and gas sector has invested heavily in storm preparedness and proved it can weather big hurricanes, he wrote in an email.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u201cWithin weeks after Harvey\u2019s landfall, 20 of the 24 refineries that shut down had restarted, and 70 percent of petrochemical production was back online,\u201d he wrote.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">But so many instances of air and water contamination occurred in the hurricane\u2019s wake that Gov. Greg Abbott <a href=\"https:\/\/www.houstonpublicmedia.org\/articles\/news\/2018\/04\/05\/277461\/advocacy-groups-say-post-harvey-pollution-waivers-should-be-ended\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">suspended some pollution rules<\/a> in storm-affected counties \u2014 and didn\u2019t reinstate them for seven months. Bob Stokes, president of the Galveston Bay Foundation, a conservation group, thinks Harvey showed that the petrochemical industry \u2014 smaller facilities in particular \u2014 isn\u2019t prepared and that no one is requiring them to do better.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u201cSomebody should be forcing that issue,\u201d he said, \u201cand unfortunately I\u2019m at a loss for how to do it.\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The state official who oversees coastline protection is George P. Bush, the Texas land commissioner and nephew of former President George W. Bush. He said he\u2019s \u201cabsolutely\u201d concerned about new facilities built in harm\u2019s way, including those coming in on the lower coast, where no levee is planned. But he thinks the Corpus Christi channel deepening could help. The material dredged off the ship channel floor can be turned into wetlands that offer some defense from storms, he said.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">As to research showing that deepening can worsen storm surge, Bush said he\u2019s aware of \u201ca back and forth on that.\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u201cThe clear upside is that you have more trade and commerce,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Corpus Christi isn\u2019t the only Texas port trying to deepen its ship channel to accommodate big tankers and keep the growth coming. The Corpus Christi plans are just far more expansive, and they come on the heels of another infrastructure project to make way for those ships.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Corpus Christi\u2019s iconic, aging <a href=\"https:\/\/www.harborbridgeproject.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harbor Bridge<\/a> is being replaced with a taller span, part of a $1 billion project that will allow some of the world\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/portofcc.com\/world-class-harbor-bridge-construction-project-ready-to-go\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">largest vessels<\/a> to pass underneath. It will also further isolate Hillcrest, a historically segregated neighborhood long afflicted by heavy air pollution. On Hillcrest\u2019s western boundary, two <a href=\"http:\/\/www.neighborhoodwitness.org\/database\/RN102534138\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">oil<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.neighborhoodwitness.org\/database\/RN102555166\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">refineries<\/a> pump out toxic, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/pr\/citgo-sentenced-pay-more-2-million-environmental-crimes-corpus-christi-texas-refinery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cancer-causing<\/a> chemicals; to the north, oil and gas tanks line the ship channel; to the south, vehicles spew exhaust on Interstate 37. The bridge project will relocate U.S. Highway 181 just east of the neighborhood, which is largely African-American and Hispanic.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Health fears have long hung over the neighborhood. The federal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/HAC\/pha\/CorpusChristi\/Corpus_Christi_Refinery_Row_PHA_508.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry<\/a> said in 2016, after a years-long investigation, that inhaling the mixture of chemicals discharged in the area known as Refinery Row over the long term increases the risk of cancer. The agency also said that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/Publications\/hydrogen_sulfide.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hydrogen sulfide<\/a>, a gas with a rotten-egg stench that\u2019s deadly at high levels, regularly wafts over the area at concentrations that can cause headaches and difficulty breathing. (The state agency charged with protecting air quality <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.epa.gov\/airnow\/2018conference\/Forecasting\/Thursday\/lange.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contested<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tceq.texas.gov\/assets\/public\/implementation\/tox\/comments\/2016%20atsdr%20corpus.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">those<\/a> findings.)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The bridge was the final straw for some residents, who filed a federal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/sf\/local\/2017\/10\/21\/in-the-shadows-of-refinery-row-a-parable-of-redevelopment-and-race\/?noredirect=on&amp;utm_term=.482b57fd77cf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">civil rights complaint<\/a> against the Texas Department of Transportation. The outcome: a <a href=\"https:\/\/legistarweb-production.s3.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/attachment\/pdf\/253267\/DRA_-_Presentation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fund<\/a> to help homeowners move out, with the initial $20 million coming from the port.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The option to relocate is good, said Pastor Adam Carrington with the Brooks A.M.E. Worship Center in Hillcrest, except for the people left behind. Some are stuck, unable to qualify for the assistance because of liens on their property or problems proving they are the legal owners. Others don\u2019t want to abandon the only homes they\u2019ve known.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">In June, Carrington rolled through the vanishing neighborhood in his car, longtime resident Lamont Taylor in his back seat, both pointing out houses marked for demolition, overgrown lots where other homes once stood and people with nowhere else to go.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u201cThis lady here lives in a tent, unfortunately,\u201d Taylor said, looking out the window at the woman\u2019s Harvey-damaged home.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Erin Gaines, a staff attorney at Texas RioGrande Legal Aid, which represented residents in the bridge complaint, said officials should take a lesson from Hillcrest amid the industrial growth coming to the region. But she\u2019s seen no sign that it\u2019s sunk in yet.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u201cOur question is, are we going to learn anything from the past in terms of these fence-line communities and not having appropriate buffers between them and industry?\u201d she said. \u201cOr are they going to keep expanding industry and creating new fence-line communities?\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">North of Corpus Christi, ExxonMobil and SABIC are planning one of the world\u2019s largest ethane crackers, a petrochemical plant that will process a component of natural gas in a manner, ExxonMobil said, that \u201cprotects the environment, as well as the health and safety of our employees and neighbors.\u201d The mayor of Gregory, the tiny city nearby, is all for it. In Portland, also close to the site, residents <a href=\"https:\/\/www.houstonpress.com\/news\/two-rural-texas-towns-debate-whether-exxons-proposed-steam-cracker-plant-would-be-blessing-or-curse-9253666\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">organized<\/a> to try to stop it.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tshaonline.org\/handbook\/online\/articles\/hgg05\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gregory<\/a> is a city at the intersection of three highways, with a railroad bisecting it, everything passing by en route to somewhere else. Jessica Ortiz, who lives here, and her daughter, Jenna Adams, who was raised here, drove around in June, naming the few businesses left in town and the ones shuttered by Harvey as they explained why they\u2019re excited about the plant. Maybe Gregory would get more restaurants, more jobs, more residents. Maybe their family would benefit, too.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Adair Apple, who started a Portland citizens group opposing the development, also saw the plant through the lens of what it would mean for the area \u2014 pollution. Faced with the likelihood that Exxon would get all the permits it applied for, her family moved out.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u201cI don\u2019t want to have to worry about my daughters\u2019 health,\u201d said Apple, who now lives on the south side of Corpus Christi, away from industrial development.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">More is almost certainly headed to the area near her former home. Errol Summerlin, a retired lawyer who lives in Portland and is continuing the fight over the Exxon permits, drove by farmland northeast of the city in June, saying he expected the nearly 3,000 acres will flip to industrial uses. A month later, the Port of Corpus Christi would <a href=\"https:\/\/legistarweb-production.s3.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/attachment\/pdf\/211994\/CORPUS-_311685-v1-RESOLUTION_APPROVING_A_REAL_ESTATE_SALES_CONTRACT_BETWEEN.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announce<\/a> that it planned to purchase the properties to market for development.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Summerlin drove several miles farther north and pulled over to the side of Highway 188, on a bridge overlooking mudflats. Storm water from the Exxon facility was at that point proposed (and since <a href=\"https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/5141863-Exxon-Water-Permit.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">approved by the state<\/a>) to flow through here, and he was afraid that plastic pellets from the plant would be swept along for the ride and eaten by birds.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Then he saw a flash of shocking pink \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.audubon.org\/field-guide\/bird\/roseate-spoonbill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">roseate spoonbills<\/a> landing in the marsh. He got out of his car. Standing on the shoulder, momentarily silent, he watched the spindly-legged birds rooting in the shallow water for a meal.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><em>Center for Public Integrity reporter Rachel Leven contributed to this story.<\/em><script src=\"https:\/\/dot.texastribune.org\/static\/dist\/dot.min.55eef7d282ec435600d1.js\" integrity=\"sha384-kWHbWWrJHsBy04\/FLYpSF8whX7iznTaWu7KCwxjA7qmPD3La29VFha61MJDfKQ+e\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\" data-tt-canonical=\"https:\/\/www.texastribune.org\/2018\/11\/29\/oil-and-gas-surge-texas-coastline-triggers-building-boom-tensions\/\"><\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Texas, home to the most prolific oilfield in the country, is at the epicenter of a historic buildout of oil and gas infrastructure in the United States.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":651212,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[284,119,147,3275,2260],"class_list":["post-651173","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-and-analysis","tag-climate-change","tag-energy-policy","tag-environment","tag-infrastructure","tag-texas"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/651173","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=651173"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/651173\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":651217,"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/651173\/revisions\/651217"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/651212"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=651173"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=651173"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=651173"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}