{"id":594665,"date":"2018-06-25T07:00:51","date_gmt":"2018-06-25T13:00:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/?p=594665"},"modified":"2018-06-22T19:58:13","modified_gmt":"2018-06-23T01:58:13","slug":"in-the-southwest-drought-doesnt-tell-the-whole-story","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/2018\/06\/in-the-southwest-drought-doesnt-tell-the-whole-story\/","title":{"rendered":"In the Southwest, &#8216;drought&#8217; doesn\u2019t tell the whole story"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_594669\"  class=\"wp-caption module image alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 771px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-594669\" src=\"http:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/image-771x514.jpg\" alt=\"416 Fire\" width=\"771\" height=\"514\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/image-771x514.jpg 771w, https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/image-336x224.jpg 336w, https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/image-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/image.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px\" \/><p class=\"wp-media-credit\">USFS<\/p><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 416 Fire near Durango, Colorado, ignited on June 1. By June 21, the wildfire covered more than 34,000 acres and was 37 percent contained.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>In early June,\u00a0<a style=\"font-size: 19.552px;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.denverpost.com\/2018\/06\/07\/evacuations-durango-416-fire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more than 1,000 people near Durango, Colorado<\/a>,\u00a0had to leave their homes as the 416 Fire swept across the landscape. Following a dismal snowpack, the region experienced a spring so hot and dry that the U.S. Drought Monitor labeled conditions \u201cexceptional drought,\u201d the worst category.<\/p>\n<p>Colorado wasn\u2019t alone. An\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180608181606\/https:\/\/www.drought.gov\/drought\/rcc\/west\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">irregular bull\u2019s-eye of dryness<\/a>\u00a0radiated outward from the entire Four Corners region, where Colorado meets New Mexico, Arizona and Utah. These circumstances offer something of a preview of the coming decades: While experts say the Southwest will continue to experience swings in precipitation from year to year, overall climate change is making\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/advances.sciencemag.org\/content\/1\/1\/e1400082.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the region<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/2016WR019638\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">its river basins<\/a>\u00a0hotter and drier. That means humans must adapt to life with less water. \u201cWe have to fundamentally change the mindset of the public, and the way we manage this resource,\u201d says\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/waterinthewest.stanford.edu\/about\/people\/newsha-ajami\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Newsha Ajami<\/a>, a hydrologist and the director of urban water policy at Stanford University\u2019s Water in the West program. \u201cAnd one of the ways you do it is, you have to change the terminologies that we use in dealing with water.\u201d<\/p>\n<aside class=\"module align-left half type-aside\">\n<h3>About this article<\/h3>\n<p>This article originally appeared on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hcn.org\/articles\/drought-in-an-arid-landscape-drought-doesnt-tell-the-whole-story?utm_source=nmpolitics.net&amp;utm_medium=web\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">High\u200b \u200bCountry\u200b \u200bNews<\/a>\u200b,\u200b \u200ba\u200b \u200bnonprofit\u200b \u200bnews\u200b \u200borganization\u200b \u200bthat\u200b \u200bcovers\u200b \u200bthe\u200b \u200bimportant\u200b \u200bissues\u200b \u200bthat define\u200b \u200bthe\u200b \u200bAmerican\u200b \u200bWest.\u200b \u200b\u200b<a href=\"http:\/\/www.hcn.org\/subscribe?src=header\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Subscribe<\/a>\u200b,\u200b \u200bget\u200b \u200bthe\u200b\u200b \u200b<a href=\"http:\/\/www.hcn.org\/enewsletter\/commons-email-signup\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">enewsletter<\/a>\u200b,\u200b \u200band\u200b \u200bfollow\u200b \u200bHCN\u200b \u200bon\u200b\u200b \u200b<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/highcountrynews\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Facebook<\/a>\u200b\u200b \u200band\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/highcountrynews\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Twitter<\/a>\u200b.<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<p>This spring, the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.coloradoriverresearchgroup.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Colorado River Research Group<\/a>, an independent team of scientists focused on the river,\u00a0labeled the climate transition in the Colorado River Basin \u201caridification,\u201d meaning\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.coloradoriverresearchgroup.org\/uploads\/4\/2\/3\/6\/42362959\/crrg_aridity_report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a transformation to a drier environment<\/a>. The call for a move away from the word \u201cdrought\u201d highlighted the importance of the specific language used to describe what\u2019s going on in the Southwest: It could shift cultural norms around water use and help people internalize the need to rip out lawns, stop washing cars and refrain from building\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sltrib.com\/news\/environment\/2018\/01\/26\/utah-spent-33-million-on-a-pipeline-application-it-never-finished-the-feds-approved-it-anyway\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new diversions on already strapped rivers<\/a>. As\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.coloradoriverresearchgroup.org\/brad-udall.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Brad Udall<\/a>, a member of the research group and a water and climate researcher at Colorado State University, puts it: \u201cWords matter.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Linguists have\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linguisticsociety.org\/content\/does-language-i-speak-influence-way-i-think\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">long argued over<\/a>\u00a0the extent to which words and language influence one\u2019s thoughts and worldview. One\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2010\/08\/29\/magazine\/29language-t.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">commonly cited example of evidence that they do<\/a>\u00a0is an Indigenous Australian language that doesn\u2019t use words for left and right. Its speakers orient themselves by the cardinal directions \u2014 north and south, east and west \u2014 rather than the relative terms typically used in English. Research suggests that\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/pubman.mpdl.mpg.de\/pubman\/item\/escidoc:66622\/component\/escidoc:66623\/1997_Spatial_description_in_Guugu_Yimithirr.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in their thoughts and interactions with others<\/a>, their conceptions of space are radically different from those who speak languages with relative spatial terms. Other studies have probed the ways linguistic differences may influence a wide range of attitudes and outcomes, including\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/ajps.12290\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">support for political policies<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/etap.12278\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">entrepreneurial gender gaps among countries<\/a>; and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0261517717301346#!\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental attitudes of tourists<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>But beliefs are not behaviors. Reframing our understanding of the Southwest\u2019s climate \u2014 thinking of it as a place experiencing aridification, a dry place getting drier, rather than a place simply waiting for the next drought to end \u2014 will have major ramifications only if it changes how people actually use water.<\/p>\n<p>There is some evidence of the inverse \u2014 that when people conceive of the problem as a temporary one, they use more water after they believe the emergency has passed. During California\u2019s recent five-year drought, residents of the Golden State\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.drought.ca.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cut their water use<\/a>\u00a0by a quarter or more amid\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hcn.org\/articles\/water-a-flood-of-drought-news-can-reduce-water-use-media-drove-conservation-in-californias-drought\">intense media coverage<\/a>\u00a0and water use restrictions. This spring, a year after California Gov. Jerry Brown pronounced that drought over, Californians were\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scpr.org\/news\/2018\/04\/02\/81967\/californians-go-back-to-wasting-as-much-water-as-b\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">using nearly as much water as they had before drought was declared<\/a>.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>How people perceive and value water is essential to shaping how much of it they use, says\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/profiles.stanford.edu\/patricia-gonzales\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Patricia Gonzales<\/a>, a doctoral student studying water resources at Stanford University. And those perceptions and values aren\u2019t created in a vacuum. Officials, experts and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hcn.org\/articles\/water-a-flood-of-drought-news-can-reduce-water-use-media-drove-conservation-in-californias-drought\">the media frame and define the issues<\/a>; social pressures also play a role. For example, when an entire community is aware that water is scarce, people might avoid washing their cars in order to duck the scorn of water-conserving neighbors. \u201cEveryone can do something,\u201d Gonzales says, even as she and other experts acknowledge that\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/owi.usgs.gov\/vizlab\/water-use-15\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">irrigation gulps up most of the West\u2019s water<\/a>. \u201cBut even the small pieces kind of add up when you look at the whole picture of how much water we have available.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>While climate change is already shrinking water resources in the Southwest, we shouldn\u2019t throw out the word \u201cdrought\u201d completely, says\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/geography.arizona.edu\/user\/connie-woodhouse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Connie Woodhouse<\/a>, a paleoclimatologist at the University of Arizona. It\u2019s important to recognize that even a drier future will contain variability. \u201cWe\u2019re going to have periods that are wetter, and we\u2019re going to have periods that are drier, within this baseline that almost certainly will be more arid.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Still, people in the Southwest must adjust to a more parched landscape. \u201cThere\u2019s a need to (fundamentally change) the way we talk about these things, to bring attention to the fact that drought is normal,\u201d Gonzales says. In other words, even after the bulls-eye dissipates from this summer\u2019s drought monitor maps, Southwesterners need to keep acting as if that red swath were permanent \u2014 a lasting marker of a more arid reality.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-594670\" src=\"http:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/image-771x514.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"771\" height=\"514\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/image-771x514.png 771w, https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/image-336x224.png 336w, https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/image-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/image.png 887w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>Emily Benson is an assistant editor\u00a0at\u00a0High Country News.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Why \u2018aridification\u2019 is a better term for our new, more parched reality.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":594669,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[284,147],"class_list":["post-594665","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-and-analysis","tag-climate-change","tag-environment"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/594665","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=594665"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/594665\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/594669"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=594665"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=594665"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=594665"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}