{"id":594592,"date":"2018-06-24T07:00:55","date_gmt":"2018-06-24T13:00:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/?p=594592"},"modified":"2018-06-22T17:13:02","modified_gmt":"2018-06-22T23:13:02","slug":"indigenous-immigrants-face-unique-challenges-at-the-border","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/2018\/06\/indigenous-immigrants-face-unique-challenges-at-the-border\/","title":{"rendered":"Indigenous immigrants face unique challenges at the border"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_593323\"  class=\"wp-caption module image alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 771px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-593323\" src=\"http:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Tornillo3-771x486.jpg\" alt=\"Tent city\" width=\"771\" height=\"486\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Tornillo3-771x486.jpg 771w, https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Tornillo3-336x212.jpg 336w, https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Tornillo3-768x484.jpg 768w, https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Tornillo3-1170x737.jpg 1170w, https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Tornillo3.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px\" \/><p class=\"wp-media-credit\">Heath Haussamen \/ NMPolitics.net<\/p><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">A scene from the tent city at a border crossing in Tornillo, Texas, where immigrant children are being held.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>On Wednesday, President Donald Trump signed an executive order essentially\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/06\/20\/us\/politics\/trump-immigration-children-executive-order.html?hp&amp;action=click&amp;pgtype=Homepage&amp;clickSource=story-heading&amp;module=a-lede-package-region&amp;region=top-news&amp;WT.nav=top-news\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">back-peddling<\/a>\u00a0on his administration\u2019s \u201czero tolerance\u201d border-crossing policy, which has been separating families along the U.S.-Mexico border. Still,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2018\/06\/18\/children-separated-parents-us-border-held-cages-texas-warehouse\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hundreds of minors<\/a>\u00a0remain locked in detention, isolated from their parents \u2014\u00a0including Indigenous children from Mexico and Central and\u00a0South America.<\/p>\n<p>Trump\u2019s critics often deride the president as outside American norms, but in this case, the United States has set a number of precedents for\u00a0separating families,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2018\/06\/20\/family-separation-immigration-history-slavery-mass-incarceration\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">particularly for people of color<\/a>\u00a0and their children, with its history of black enslavement and forcible removal of Native children to boarding schools.<\/p>\n<p>Between May 5 and June 9,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2018\/06\/19\/children-separated-from-parents-family-separation-immigration\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more than 2,000 immigrant families<\/a>\u00a0were stopped at the U.S.-Mexico border. Government agents and agencies have failed to identify Indigenous individuals and families after apprehension &#8212; and because many Indigenous migrants speak neither English or Spanish, language barriers can lead to human and Indigenous rights violations and increase the risk for family separations.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"module align-left half type-aside\">\n<h3>About this article<\/h3>\n<p>This article originally appeared on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hcn.org\/articles\/tribal-affairs-indigenous-immigrants-face-unique-challenges-at-the-border?utm_source=nmpolitics.net&amp;utm_medium=web\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">High\u200b \u200bCountry\u200b \u200bNews<\/a>\u200b,\u200b \u200ba\u200b \u200bnonprofit\u200b \u200bnews\u200b \u200borganization\u200b \u200bthat\u200b \u200bcovers\u200b \u200bthe\u200b \u200bimportant\u200b \u200bissues\u200b \u200bthat define\u200b \u200bthe\u200b \u200bAmerican\u200b \u200bWest.\u200b \u200b\u200b<a href=\"http:\/\/www.hcn.org\/subscribe?src=header\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Subscribe<\/a>\u200b,\u200b \u200bget\u200b \u200bthe\u200b\u200b \u200b<a href=\"http:\/\/www.hcn.org\/enewsletter\/commons-email-signup\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">enewsletter<\/a>\u200b,\u200b \u200band\u200b \u200bfollow\u200b \u200bHCN\u200b \u200bon\u200b\u200b \u200b<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/highcountrynews\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Facebook<\/a>\u200b\u200b \u200band\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/highcountrynews\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Twitter<\/a>\u200b.<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<p>According to a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ice.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/Document\/2015\/LanguageAccessPlan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2015 report<\/a>\u00a0by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), K\u2019iche\u2019, Mam, Achi, Ixil, Awakatek, Jakaltek and Qanjobal \u2014 Mayan dialects spoken in what is currently Guatemala and southern Mexico \u2014 were \u201crepresented within the ICE family residential facilities.\u201d In Latin America,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/region\/lac\/brief\/indigenous-latin-america-in-the-twenty-first-century-brief-report-page\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">at least 560 Indigenous languages are spoken by 780 different<\/a>\u00a0tribal and ethnic groups.<\/p>\n<p>For ICE, Indigenous languages pose a challenge for interpreters. However, data on Indigenous language speakers encountered by law-enforcement officials at the border are held by Customs and Border Protection, which did not respond to requests for those statistics.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere\u2019s certainly been an increase (in Indigenous language speakers),\u201d said\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/anthro.ucsd.edu\/people\/faculty\/faculty-profiles\/john-haviland.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John Haviland<\/a>, an anthropological linguist at University of California, San Diego and Tzotzil interpreter. \u201cNo question at all.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Reasons for the increase in Indigenous migration range from economic needs to displacement due to violence, but almost no hard statistics are available on anything related to Indigenous people crossing the border.<\/p>\n<p>Haviland provides interpretation services for Homeland Security, court proceedings and medical situations. He said that because of language barriers, child separation \u2014\u00a0at least in the case of Indigenous families\u00a0who speak no Spanish or English \u2014\u00a0had been a common practice, at least anecdotally, even before the Trump administration\u2019s policy.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cA massive number of family law cases basically end up with children being taken away,\u201d said Haviland. \u201cThey do it more often with Indigenous migrants than with Spanish migrants, and the reason is very simple: Nobody can actually contradict the claim that can be made by social services that an Indigenous mom is an incompetent mom, because basically, they can\u2019t talk to the mom.\u201d<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>People are logged in the system by nationality, not tribal affiliation. That means Indigenous legal frameworks, international standards and human rights can be ignored by federal agencies.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe question of Indigeneity in Latin America is very different than it is in the countries that were colonized by Great Britain,\u201d said\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/law.arizona.edu\/rebecca-tsosie\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rebecca Tsosie<\/a>, regents\u2019\u00a0professor of law and faculty co-chair of the Indigenous People\u2019s Law and Policy Program at the University of Arizona. \u201cWe see a community that still speaks their Indigenous language, that still dresses the way they have always dressed. That\u2019s the demarcation that, culturally, they\u2019ve remained distinct.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In the U.S., she said, Indigeneity is seen more as a political identity.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSo, if you\u2019re not an enrolled member of a federally recognized tribe, eyebrows go up: Are you really Indigenous?\u201d she said. \u201cThere are politics around Indigeneity, and it revolves around the United States\u2019 framework. So, the idea is one of exceptionalism.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>This becomes an issue when applying international standards, like the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/esa\/socdev\/unpfii\/documents\/DRIPS_en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People<\/a>,\u00a0which the United States endorsed in 2010. Under the declaration, Indigenous peoples have a collective status and hold rights as a collective people. It also states that Indigenous people have a right to stay in their family unit without impairment.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People would say that is a violation of their human rights,\u201d said Tsosie. \u201cThey have a right to exist in their family unit without the government breaking that up.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Trump\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2018\/6\/20\/17484300\/read-trump-executive-order-family-separation-immigration-full-text\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">executive order<\/a>\u00a0calling for an end to family separations at the border makes no special provisions for Indigenous people, but does open the door for families to be held\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bostonglobe.com\/2018\/06\/20\/families-will-kept-together-detention-what-does-trump-hope-gain\/ar60STktOd9Bm1pd7hcLmN\/story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in detention indefinitely<\/a>. Children already separated from their families\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/06\/20\/us\/politics\/trump-immigration-children-executive-order.html?hp&amp;action=click&amp;pgtype=Homepage&amp;clickSource=story-heading&amp;module=a-lede-package-region&amp;region=top-news&amp;WT.nav=top-news\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">will not be reunited immediately<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Trump\u2019s order was widely criticized by Indian Country, from Cherokee Nation\u2019s Principal Chief\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/CherokeeNation\/status\/1009561174004903936\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bill Baker<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.indianz.com\/News\/2018\/06\/19\/i-am-not-shocked-harold-frazier-on-force.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harold Frazier<\/a>, chairman of the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe, to\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncai.org\/news\/articles\/2018\/06\/19\/official-statement-of-ncai-president-jefferson-keel-on-the-forced-separation-of-immigrant-families\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jefferson Keel<\/a>, president of the National Congress of American Indians.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cCongress and the President should take heed of such abhorrent mistakes from the past and actually live the moral values this country proclaims to embody by immediately ending this policy and reuniting the affected children with their parents,\u201d wrote Keel. \u201cFamilies belong together.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><em>Tristan Ahtone is a member of the Kiowa Tribe and associate editor of the\u00a0High Country News\u00a0tribal affairs desk.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Language barriers mean Indigenous families may be more likely to be split up.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":593323,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[140,709],"class_list":["post-594592","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-and-analysis","tag-border-and-immigration","tag-native-americans"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/594592","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=594592"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/594592\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/593323"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=594592"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=594592"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=594592"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}