{"id":528156,"date":"2018-02-19T20:31:18","date_gmt":"2018-02-20T03:31:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/?p=528156"},"modified":"2018-02-20T07:20:12","modified_gmt":"2018-02-20T14:20:12","slug":"when-the-victors-re-write-history","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/2018\/02\/when-the-victors-re-write-history\/","title":{"rendered":"When the victors re-write history"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_528159\"  class=\"wp-caption module image alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 771px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-528159\" src=\"http:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/image-771x514.jpg\" alt=\"San Miguel Church\" width=\"771\" height=\"514\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/image-771x514.jpg 771w, https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/image-336x224.jpg 336w, https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/image-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/image.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px\" \/><p class=\"wp-media-credit\">Library of Congress<\/p><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Miguel Church of Santa Fe is among the old adobe structures built in part by the Gen\u00edzaros people.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>As explorers and settlers moved west across what would become the United States in the generations before and after its birth, tribes were scattered,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncdcr.gov\/blog\/2016\/11\/01\/cherokee-indian-tsali-was-captured\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pitted against one another<\/a>, and in some cases destroyed entirely. For the Gen\u00edzaros people in the Southwest, the result is a modern-day push for recognition in history books, let alone as a tribe and a distinct people.<\/p>\n<p>Fighting for recognition, at times for\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/indiancountrymedianetwork.com\/news\/harjo-american-indian-religious-freedom-act-at-25\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">basic humanity<\/a>, has become a part of Native identity in this country. As Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz wrote in\u00a0<em>An<\/em>\u00a0<em>Indigenous Peoples\u2019 History of the United<\/em>\u00a0<em>States<\/em>, \u201cToday\u2019s Indigenous nations and communities are societies formed by their resistance to colonialism, through which they have carried their practices and histories. It is breathtaking, but no miracle, that they have survived as peoples.\u201d<\/p>\n<aside class=\"module align-left half type-aside\">\n<h3>About this article<\/h3>\n<p>This article originally appeared on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hcn.org\/articles\/indian-country-news-new-mexicos-history-of-native-american-slavery\/?utm_source=nmpolitics.net&amp;utm_medium=web\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">High\u200b \u200bCountry\u200b \u200bNews<\/a>\u200b,\u200b \u200ba\u200b \u200bnonprofit\u200b \u200bnews\u200b \u200borganization\u200b \u200bthat\u200b \u200bcovers\u200b \u200bthe\u200b \u200bimportant\u200b \u200bissues\u200b \u200bthat define\u200b \u200bthe\u200b \u200bAmerican\u200b \u200bWest.\u200b \u200b\u200b<a href=\"http:\/\/www.hcn.org\/subscribe?src=header\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Subscribe<\/a>\u200b,\u200b \u200bget\u200b \u200bthe\u200b\u200b \u200b<a href=\"http:\/\/www.hcn.org\/enewsletter\/commons-email-signup\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">enewsletter<\/a>\u200b,\u200b \u200band\u200b \u200bfollow\u200b \u200bHCN\u200b \u200bon\u200b\u200b \u200b<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/highcountrynews\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Facebook<\/a>\u200b\u200b \u200band\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/highcountrynews\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Twitter<\/a>\u200b.<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<p>The Gen\u00edzaros are not a federally recognized tribe and are rarely referenced in the recorded histories of the New Mexico deserts. That\u2019s because more than 150 years ago\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.santafenewmexican.com\/pasatiempo\/books\/book_reviews\/the-other-slavery-the-uncovered-story-of-indian-enslavement-in\/article_16b1b98a-96a2-5a2d-8dfa-5e52e9c9665a.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">their ancestors were kept as slaves<\/a>\u00a0by Hispanic families and even federal agents, although the practice was illegal. Many were the descendants of captured Utes, Comanches, Apaches, Kiowas and Pawnees, and were named after a fierce group of Spanish slaves made to fight for their freedom. When the Mexican republic emerged in 1821, it\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1uT7jccN0SY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">did away with the term Gen\u00edzaros<\/a>\u00a0to shed the history of the caste system. The Gen\u00edzaros were converted to Catholicism and intermarried, over time becoming part of Hispanic communities. Intermarriage and assimilation of the Gen\u00edzaros was so widespread that countless people in New Mexico likely don\u2019t realize\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/kunm.org\/post\/listen-genizaros-and-new-mexicos-legacy-slavery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">their ancestry can be traced to slavery<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s part of a history\u00a0and identity, not unlike struggles elsewhere against tribal disenrollment and the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/codeswitch\/2018\/02\/07\/583665568\/love-and-blood-quantum-buy-in-or-die-out\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">practice of blood quantum<\/a>. For\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/01\/28\/us\/indian-slaves-genizaros.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Indigenous peoples in the Southwest, some are only now confronting<\/a>\u00a0these things after generations of their people have lived in a place that tried to forget them.<\/p>\n<p>Among those working to establish their history is Gregorio Gonzales, who identifies as Gen\u00edzaros. Gonzales is a postdoctoral fellow at the University of California Santa Barbara, and he said archeologists, anthropologists and historians have done a disservice to the legacy of his people and ignored their continued existence. \u201c\u2019If we can\u2019t find Gen\u00edzaros in the census then they must not exist,\u2019\u201d\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MIJ20C44JJo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gonzales said<\/a>\u00a0in a 2016 lecture at the University of New Mexico, describing that mentality. \u201cI clearly disagree with that.\u201d<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>But Gen\u00edzaros communities in the Taos Valley are distinct in their traditions and culture, he said, and they have been carrying them on for generations. \u201cIt\u2019s how we belong to this valley that doesn\u2019t even recognize our existence.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The legacy that endures\u00a0is the idea that\u00a0all Hispanics look one way and all Native peoples look another, Gonzales said.<\/p>\n<p>As Moises Gonzales, UNM professor and co-editor of a new book on the Gen\u00edzaros,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2016\/12\/29\/505271148\/descendants-of-native-american-slaves-in-new-mexico-emerge-from-obscurity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told NPR<\/a>, \u201cThe Spanish fantasy is a myth,\u201d and it\u2019s time to finally have a conversation about what it means to be Gen\u00edzaros.<\/p>\n<p>Recently, there has been a significant shift in the way Americans talk about race, identity and representation, and as we continue to trace and more fully understand our histories, it becomes not only more possible but necessary to know who we are and what that means.<\/p>\n<p><em>Graham Lee Brewer is a contributing editor at\u00a0High Country News\u00a0and a member of the Cherokee Nation.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A holistic understanding of Southwestern peoples brings the Gen\u00edzaros to light.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":528159,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[143],"class_list":["post-528156","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-and-analysis","tag-race-and-ethnicity"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/528156","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=528156"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/528156\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/528159"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=528156"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=528156"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=528156"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}