{"id":106998,"date":"2015-12-13T19:04:19","date_gmt":"2015-12-14T02:04:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/?p=106998"},"modified":"2015-12-14T10:29:36","modified_gmt":"2015-12-14T17:29:36","slug":"why-counting-mass-shootings-is-a-bad-way-to-understand-gun-violence-in-america","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/2015\/12\/why-counting-mass-shootings-is-a-bad-way-to-understand-gun-violence-in-america\/","title":{"rendered":"Why counting mass shootings is a bad way to understand gun violence in America"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_107254\"  class=\"wp-caption module image alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 771px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/2015\/8\/24\/9183525\/gun-violence-statistics\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-107254 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/VoxMap-771x391.jpg\" alt=\"Vox cutline.\" width=\"771\" height=\"391\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/VoxMap-771x391.jpg 771w, https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/VoxMap-336x171.jpg 336w, https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/VoxMap-768x390.jpg 768w, https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/VoxMap-780x397.jpg 780w, https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/VoxMap.jpg 782w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">News organizations like <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/2015\/8\/24\/9183525\/gun-violence-statistics\" target=\"_blank\">Vox<\/a>, which created this map of &#8220;mass shootings since Sandy Hook,&#8221;\u00a0have given a great deal attention to a crowdsourced Reddit initiative that gathers media reports of shootings in which four or more people were shot. But the initiative fails to capture the bigger picture of gun deaths in America.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>According to articles recently\u00a0across the Internet, there has been an average of one mass shooting every day in the United States: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2015\/12\/02\/the-san-bernardino-mass-shooting-is-the-second-today-and-the-355th-this-year\/\" target=\"_blank\">355 so far this year<\/a>. It\u2019s a jarring statistic, and one that has gone viral in the wake the recent\u00a0massacre in San Bernardino, California.<\/p>\n<p>But there are two problems with the number: It doesn\u2019t actually provide a clear estimate of how often the country has seen shooting rampages like the one in San Bernardino. And it obscures the broader reality of gun violence in America.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sidebar-inject\">\n<aside class=\"module align-left half type-aside\">\n<h3>About this article<\/h3>\n<p>This story comes from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.propublica.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">ProPublica<\/a>, a Pulitzer Prize-winning investigative newsroom.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pp-int-hed\"><b>ALSO READ:\u00a0<\/b><a href=\"http:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/2015\/12\/how-the-gun-control-debate-ignores-black-lives\/\" target=\"_blank\">How the gun control debate ignores black lives<\/a>\u00a0&#8212; By failing to talk about the majority of gun murder victims \u2014 black men \u2014 politicians and advocates are missing the chance to save lives.<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<p>Counting \u201cmass shootings\u201d is notoriously <a href=\"http:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/2015\/12\/03\/term-mass-shooting-confuses-public-and-masks-phenomenon\/76717870\/\" target=\"_blank\">complicated<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/12\/04\/opinion\/how-many-mass-shootings-are-there-really.html\" target=\"_blank\">contested<\/a>, since there is no standard definition of what they are. Is it best to count shootings that injure or kill a certain number of people? Or should the definition focus more narrowly on attacks in which the motivation of the shooter \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/library.stanford.edu\/projects\/mass-shootings-america\" target=\"_blank\">appears to be indiscriminate killing<\/a>?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Mother Jones, which has been tracking mass shootings since 2012, has counted<a href=\"http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2012\/07\/mass-shootings-map\" target=\"_blank\"> just four mass shootings this year<\/a>, and a total of 73 since 1982, as Mother Jones editor Mark Follman has <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/12\/04\/opinion\/how-many-mass-shootings-are-there-really.html\" target=\"_blank\">noted<\/a> in The New York Times.<\/p>\n<p>In 2014, the FBI released its own count of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/news\/stories\/2014\/september\/fbi-releases-study-on-active-shooter-incidents\/pdfs\/a-study-of-active-shooter-incidents-in-the-u.s.-between-2000-and-2013\" target=\"_blank\">\u201cactive shooter\u201d incidents<\/a>, focusing on events where law enforcement and citizens may have the chance to intervene and change the outcome of the ongoing shooting. It tallied a total of 160 of these events from 2000 to 2013 \u2013 including high-profile shootings at Virginia Tech, Fort Hood, and Sandy Hook Elementary School \u2013 with an average of 11 per year.<\/p>\n<p>The \u201c355 mass shootings this year\u201d that has been rocketing around the Internet comes from a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/GunsAreCool\/wiki\/2015massshootings\" target=\"_blank\">crowdsourced Reddit initiative<\/a> that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/GunsAreCool\/wiki\/2015massshootings\" target=\"_blank\">gathers<\/a> media reports of shootings in which four or more people were shot.<\/p>\n<p>The Reddit count includes many incidents that Mother Jones, the FBI, and others leave out: for instance, a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.abcactionnews.com\/news\/region-polk\/lakeland\/deputies-one-person-killed-three-others-shot-during-a-home-invasion-robbery-in-lakeland\" target=\"_blank\">home robbery<\/a>, a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nbclosangeles.com\/news\/local\/Long-Beach-Shooting-Sunday-292042941.html\" target=\"_blank\">drive-by shooting<\/a>, and a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/GunsAreCool\/wiki\/2015massshootings\" target=\"_blank\">gang fight<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The Reddit project\u2019s organizers suggest this broader approach does a better job of capturing the burden of gun violence \u2013 including the suffering and costs of treating people who are shot and survive.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe most obscene incidents of gun violence usually do not make the mainstream news at all,\u201d the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/GunsAreCool\/wiki\/2015massshootings\" target=\"_blank\">project\u2019s introduction<\/a>\u00a0says, citing a nightclub shooting in Tennessee in which\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2012\/02\/27\/tennessee-nightclub-shooting_n_1305092.html\" target=\"_blank\">18 people were shot<\/a> and only one person killed. \u201cWe believe the media does a disservice to mass shooting victims by virtually ignoring them unless large numbers are killed.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Yet bundling together all incidents in which four people or more people are shot doesn\u2019t capture the bigger picture.<\/p>\n<p>As ProPublica <a href=\"http:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/2015\/12\/how-the-gun-control-debate-ignores-black-lives\/\" target=\"_blank\">detailed\u00a0recently,<\/a> gun murder in America is largely a story of race and geography. Half of all gun murder victims are black men. The gun murder rate for black Americans is <a href=\"http:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/2015\/12\/how-the-gun-control-debate-ignores-black-lives\/\" target=\"_blank\">dramatically higher than it is for white Americans<\/a>. And the burden of violence tends to be concentrated in certain neighborhoods of certain cities.<\/p>\n<p>Reddit\u2019s Mass Shooting Tracker does not include any breakdown by race. In response to questions about the group\u2019s numbers, one project organizer, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/user\/GhostofAlyeska\" target=\"_blank\">GhostofAlyeska<\/a>, wrote, \u201cOur intent is not to analyze the causes or cures for gun violence, but simply to expose the available data. We&#8217;re volunteers working from a reddit community, nothing more.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The Reddit project cites 462 people killed under its broad definition of mass shootings. The number of gun homicides of black men killed in 2013, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: 5,798.<\/p>\n<p>Baltimore alone has seen a total of 316 homicides so far this year \u2013 the vast majority of them shooting deaths of black victims, according to the <a href=\"http:\/\/data.baltimoresun.com\/bing-maps\/homicides\/index.php?show_results=UPDATE+MAP&amp;range=2015&amp;district=all&amp;zipcode=All&amp;cause=shooting&amp;age=all&amp;gender=all&amp;race=black&amp;article=all\" target=\"_blank\">Baltimore Sun\u2019s homicide map<\/a>. The city\u2019s homicide rate is now at a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/news\/maryland\/crime\/blog\/bs-md-ci-longwood-homicide-20151202-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">record high<\/a>. The Reddit tracker captures eight of those deaths.<\/p>\n<p>San Bernardino has two entries in this year\u2019s Mass Shooting Tracker: the recent\u00a0attack, and a nightclub shooting reportedly linked to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nbclosangeles.com\/news\/local\/People-Shot-Nightclub-San-Bernardino-294974301.html\" target=\"_blank\">gang violence<\/a>. The area has long struggled with poverty, gangs, and homicide. \u201cMy son was shot to death with an AK\u201347. My nephew was murdered and his body was burned and buried,\u201d San Bernardino resident Marisa Hernandez<a href=\"https:\/\/news.vice.com\/article\/san-bernardino-residents-the-city-had-pretty-awful-gun-violence-before-today\" target=\"_blank\"> told Vice News on Wednesday<\/a>. &#8220;This type of mass shootings happens everyday here to our kids and nobody stops it, nobody does anything.\u201d<script src=\"http:\/\/pixel.propublica.org\/pixel.js\" async=\"true\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It glosses over the broader reality of who is most at risk of being murdered with guns.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":107254,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[142,2109],"class_list":["post-106998","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-and-analysis","tag-crime","tag-guns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106998","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=106998"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106998\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/107254"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=106998"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=106998"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nmpolitics.net\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=106998"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}